KanjiSchool KanjiSchool
🌐EN
Sign up free
🧊 SCIENCE · Japan explained · 2026-08-11

Why does ice float on water? The 9% that keeps lakes alive in winter

Same news, rewritten for 6 Japanese school grades — pick your level below. Furigana + translation included.
147 chars · ~3 min · 17 kanji
🧊 SCIENCE みず
Same sentence · 6 levels

Drag the slider. No other reader does this — and you should see it working, not read about it.

📚 Choose your levelSame news at every level. Grade 1 = easiest, Grade 6 = hardest.

みず温度おんどがると、こおりに なります。

こおりみずに うきますが、これには わけが あります。

おなおおきさなら、こおりほうかるいのです。

みずは こおる とき、およそ いちわりも ふくらむからです。

ふゆみずうみでは 表面ひょうめんだけが こおり、ふかところは こおりません。

だから さかなむしふゆきて いけます。

Tap any kanji for its meaning

0 kanji you have met today Kept only in this browser — it disappears when you close the tab. Keep my progress
Translation

When the temperature of water drops, it turns into ice.

Ice floats on water, and there is a reason for that.

For the same size, ice is lighter than water.

It is because water expands by about one tenth when it freezes.

In a winter lake only the surface freezes; the deep parts do not.

That is why fish and insects can stay alive through the winter.

Why does ice float on water?

Drop an ice cube into a glass and it bobs. Drop a lump of solid candle wax into melted wax and it sinks. Almost every substance on Earth behaves like the wax — the solid form is denser than the liquid, so it goes down. Water is the famous exception, and that exception is the reason fish are still alive under a frozen lake.

When water cools, it contracts like anything else, but only down to about 4°C. That is where liquid water reaches its maximum density. Cool it further and it starts to expand again. At 0°C it freezes, and the molecules lock into an open hexagonal lattice with gaps built into it. Those gaps make ice roughly 9 percent less dense than the water it came from — about 917 kilograms per cubic metre against 1,000. Less dense means it floats, with about nine tenths of its bulk hidden below the surface. That is why only the tip of an iceberg shows.

The consequence scales up. A lake in a Japanese winter freezes from the top down, not the bottom up. The sheet of ice acts as a lid that slows heat escaping, and the water underneath settles at around 4°C — cold, but liquid. Fish, insect larvae and water plants pass the winter in that layer. If ice sank instead, lakes and shallow seas would freeze solid from the floor upward each year, and life as we know it would have had a much harder start.

This story is written at six Japanese school-grade levels. The Grade 1 version uses only first-grade kanji; the Grade 6 version reaches sixth-grade words such as 密度 and 存在. Pick the level that matches what you already know and read it in real Japanese, with furigana and a sentence-by-sentence translation beside it.

Why can fish survive under a frozen lake?

Because lakes freeze from the top down. The sheet of surface ice works as a lid that slows heat escaping, and the deep water below settles at around 4°C — the temperature at which liquid water is densest. Fish, insect larvae and water plants spend the winter in that liquid layer. If ice sank, lakes would freeze solid from the floor upward. The Grade 3 and Grade 4 versions of this article tell that story.

Not sure which level you are?

Pick the hardest line you can still read. 20 seconds, no account needed.

Why six school grades, and not N5–N1?

Because that is how Japanese children learn to read. Japan's Ministry of Education fixes exactly which character belongs to which grade — so "grade 3" is a boundary you can verify, not a feeling. Every article here is machine-checked: if a single character sits above its grade, it is not published.

The result: you never hit a character you have not learned. That is the whole reason this product exists.

This news comes in 6 levels 📚
Create a free account so KanjiSchool remembers your level and tracks every kanji you have learned.
Start free — no credit card
Sign in with Google in 5 seconds
📘 Share on Facebook 𝕏 Share on X
Create free accountfree · Google 5s Keep my progress