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🐒 NATURE · Japan explained · 2026-08-10

Snow monkeys of Japan: why wild macaques bathe in a hot spring all winter

Same news, rewritten for 6 Japanese school grades — pick your level below. Furigana + translation included.
159 chars · ~3 min · 18 kanji
🐒 NATURE 長野県 ながのけん
Same sentence · 6 levels

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日本にほん長野県ながのけんやまに、ニホンザルが すんで います。

ふゆさむさは、ときに マイナス十度じゅうどに なります。

さるたちは、あたたかい おからだを しずめます。

これは 世界せかいでも めずらしい 動物どうぶつの すがたです。

写真しゃしんを とるために、外国がいこくから おおくの ひとます。

この さるは、世界せかいで いちばん きたに すむ さるとして 有名ゆうめいです。

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Translation

Japanese macaques live in the mountains of Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

The winter cold sometimes drops to minus ten degrees.

The monkeys sink their bodies into the warm hot water.

This is a rare sight for an animal, even worldwide.

Many people come from abroad to take photos.

These monkeys are also famous as the northernmost-living monkeys in the world.

Do Japanese snow monkeys really bathe in hot springs?

High in the mountains of Nagano Prefecture, at about 850 metres above sea level, there is a valley where wild Japanese macaques climb into a natural hot spring and sit in the steaming water while snow falls on their heads. Snow covers this valley for close to four months a year, and winter temperatures can drop to about minus ten degrees Celsius. The Japanese macaque, or nihonzaru, is the northernmost-living primate on Earth apart from humans, which is why it earned the nickname "snow monkey".

The bathing habit is not ancient. It began in 1963, when one young female climbed into the outdoor bath of a nearby inn. Other monkeys copied her, and the following year a pool was built for the monkeys alone. Researchers later measured stress hormones in the animals' droppings and found that monkeys that soaked showed lower stress levels, alongside the obvious benefit of keeping warm. In other words, the bath is not play — it is a learned survival behaviour passed from one monkey to the next.

Today photographers travel from all over the world for the same image: a red-faced macaque with snow on its fur, eyes half closed in the hot water.

This article comes in six versions, one for each Japanese school grade from 1 to 6, each with furigana readings and full translations, so you can read it at whatever kanji level you have reached.

Why do the monkeys bathe — is it only to keep warm?

Warmth is the obvious reason, but not the only one. Researchers who measured hormones in the monkeys’ droppings found that individuals who soaked had lower stress levels, so the hot spring appears to reduce the strain of surviving a very cold winter as well as raising body temperature.

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Why six school grades, and not N5–N1?

Because that is how Japanese children learn to read. Japan's Ministry of Education fixes exactly which character belongs to which grade — so "grade 3" is a boundary you can verify, not a feeling. Every article here is machine-checked: if a single character sits above its grade, it is not published.

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